Add To Cart

Section 8
Act 115 of 2016: Human Trafficking

Test | Table of Contents

Discussion and examples of labor trafficking  [47]
• Labor trafficking is labor obtained by use of threat of serious harm, physical restraint, or abuse of legal process
• Examples: being forced to work for little or no pay from (frequently in factories and farms); domestic servitude (providing services within a household from 10-16 hours per day such as but not limited to: child care, cooking, cleaning, yard work, gardening, etc.)

Case Study 4

As a patron of her parents' restaurant, Sandra, age 11, is noticeably working long periods of time as you have witnessed her there varying hours of the day. She appears tired, underweight and 'her parents' display little care for her in their interactions with her which all appear related to the work she is doing. When you try to engage her in conversation she is too shy to speak and her parents often interrupt to answer/speak to you instead.

Thoughtful Considerations:

-What is your responsibility in this situation?
- What form of abuse would be able to consider in this situation?
- Are their exclusions that would prevent you from a responsibility to report?
- Does you status as patron rather than working in a professional capacity prevent you from reporting?

Discussions and examples of severe forms of trafficking in persons  [47]
• Sex trafficking in which a commercial sex act is induced by force, fraud, or coercion, or in which the person induced to perform such act has not attained 18 years of age; or
• The recruitment, harboring, transportation, provision, or obtaining of a person for labor of services, through the use of force, fraud, or coercion for the purpose of subjection to involuntary servitude, peonage (paying off debt through work); debt bondage (debt slavery, bonded labor or services for a debt or other obligation); or slavery (a condition compared to that of a salve in respect of exhausting labor or restricted freedom)

At risk youth populations for human trafficking  [47]
• Youth in the foster care system
• Youth who identify as LGBTQ
• Youth who are homeless or runaway
• Youth with disabilities
• Youth with mental health and/or substance abuse disorders
• Youth with a history of sexual abuse
• Youth with a history of being involved in the welfare system
• Youth who identify as native or aboriginal
• Youth with family dysfunction

Victim identification/warning signs to include but not limited to:  [47]
• A youth that has been verified to be under 18 and is in any way involved in the commercial sex industry, or has a record of prior arrest for prostitution or related charges
• Has an explicitly sexual online profile
• Excessive frequenting of internet chat rooms or classified sites
• Depicts elements of sexual exploitation in drawing, poetry, or other modes of creative expression
• Frequent or multiple sexually transmitted diseases or pregnancies
• Lying about or not being aware of their true age
• Having no knowledge of personal data, such as but not limited to: age, name, and/or date of birth
• Having no identification
• Wearing sexually provocative clothing
• Wearing new clothes of any style, getting hair and/or nails done with no financial means
• Secrecy about whereabouts
• Having late nights or unusual hours
• Having a tattoo that she/she is reluctant to explain
• Being in a controlling or dominating relationship
• Not having control of own finances
• Exhibit hyper-vigilance or paranoid behaviors
• Express interest in or in relationships with adults or much older men/women

Case Study 4 cont'd

Sandra from this scenario has been referred to see you in a professional capacity by her school. At school her teachers have noticed she is unable to participate in class due to exhaustion and often has burns/injuries related to the work she does in her parents restaurant.

Thoughful Considerations:

- Is your responsibility changed due to the change in relationship from patron of her parents restaurant to medical professional?
- Do the additional facts provided by Sandra's school warrant a different type of abuse and required action?
- Are any exclusions applicable at this point?
Updated 2023

47. Loccisano, J., & Emery, P. “Child abuse recognition and reporting training - FAQ.” Pennsylvania Department of Education. July 2017. https://www.education.pa.gov/Documents/K-12/Safe%20Schools/Act%20126%20-%20Child%20Abuse%20Reporting/Act%20126%20FAQ.pdf

Peer-Reviewed Journal Article References:
Calheiros, M. M., Garrido, M. V., Ferreira, M. B., & Duarte, C. (2020). Laypeople’s decision-making in reporting child maltreatment: Child and family characteristics as a source of bias. Psychology of Violence. Advance online publication.

Heyman, R. E., Snarr, J. D., Slep, A. M. S., Baucom, K. J. W., & Linkh, D. J. (2020). Self-reporting DSM–5/ICD-11 clinically significant intimate partner violence and child abuse: Convergent and response process validity. Journal of Family Psychology, 34(1), 101–111.

Kenny, M. C., Abreu, R. L., Marchena, M. T., Helpingstine, C., Lopez-Griman, A., & Mathews, B. (2017). Legal and clinical guidelines for making a child maltreatment report. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 48(6), 469–480.

Tufford, L., & Lee, B. (2019). Decision-making factors in the mandatory reporting of child maltreatment. Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma, 12(2), 233–244.

QUESTION 8
What are some examples of domestic servitude, or providing services within a household from 10-16 hours per day? To select and enter your answer go to Test
.


Test
Section 9
Table of Contents
Top