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Section 19
Case
Study: The Development of an
Adolescent Female Sex Offender
Question
19 found at the bottom of this page
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Carol Smith (fictitious name) is the youngest child and only daughter in
a working-class family located in a South Texas rural community. Mr. and Mrs.
Smith married at the ages of 18 and 17, respectively, due to an unplanned pregnancy
which produced John. Within one and one-half years, the second son, Wayne, was
born, followed by Carol 14 months later.
A watershed event
occurred when eight-year-old Carol wandered away from the family home and
stopped to watch a tetherball game in progress. The adolescent Hispanic males,
who were the participants, decided to make her the "prize" of the game,
i.e., whoever won got Carol. A 17-year-old won the game. Carol described the following
events: "I got scared when they would not let me leave. They kept making
me sit in a swing with K who I thought was my friend. After R. won, he took me
into a garage where there was an old dirty mattress. He kept putting his fingers
inside of me trying to stretch me so he could put his thing in. When he finished,
two other boys came in and tried but theirs would not go in me."
When
the adolescents allowed her to leave, she went home where only her oldest brother,
12-year-old John, was present. She showed him the blood resulting from the rape
and he told her "to be sure and not tell Mom or Dad" or she would "get
into trouble."
For the previous several years, they had
been playing children's games of "Doctor, Doctor" and the "Dating
Game." John acted as the suitor and Carol as the daughter, with ten-year-old
Wayne acting as the father and the director, i.e., telling John to "kiss
her here, touch her there." Within months of the rape, the children's game
progressed to removing all of their clothes, and they began to engage in sexual
intercourse. Over the years, the intercourse continued on a regular basis although
Wayne was excluded from his voyeur role by threats and physical altercations perpetrated
by John.
Carol became increasingly oppositional around
age 10 and was continuously in trouble at school. She was diagnosed with a reading
disability. She was drawn to peers who also did poorly in school and spent more
time skipping school than being in class. She began using alcohol and drugs and
became sexually promiscuous outside of the family around the age of 11.
At
this time, Mr. Smith secured a contract job on the West Coast and temporarily
moved the family there to reside in a small apartment so that he could be near
them. With the stress and strain placed on the isolated, crowded family by a fatigued
and frustrated father, sexual interactions increased between Carol and John. Carol
was approximately 11 years of age while John was 15. It was at that time that
Mrs. Smith acknowledged that she became aware of "something going on between
the kids." Wayne eventually told his parents that Carol and John were having
sex.
Upon returning to Texas, Carol's behavior at school
became more unmanageable. At the school's urging, Mrs. Smith took the children
to a local family treatment agency. Only Carol and John were seen on a regular
basis. After each therapy session, in which the children promised not to have
sex, they would return home and engage in intercourse. By this time, Carol had
moved from waiting for what she viewed as nurturing interactions with John to
manipulating and controlling him with threats of telling if he became scared of
being caught and rejected her advances. Carol's peer interactions continued to
deteriorate. She had at age 11-1/2 one unnoticed suicide attempt, i.e., she ingested
the remainder of a bottle of her mother's medications. She slept for 48 hours,
and her mother and father report they felt she was only fatigued.
At
age 12, Carol was admitted to an inpatient psychiatric unit after a peer reported
that Carol requested her to bring bullets to the school for a gun so that Carol
could kill herself. Carol had stolen $80.00 from her father to buy the bullets.
The theft of the money caused an uproar in this financially strapped family; and
in their view, the theft of the money, not the suicidal ideation, was the leading
reason for Carol's hospitalization.
During the 3-1/2 month
hospitalization, the sibling sexual activity was not disclosed by her parents
in weekly family therapy sessions nor by Carol in three-times-weekly individual
sessions, nor in the inpatient milieu therapy until two weeks before the planned
discharge date. Discharge was carried out as planned, with precautions to prevent
further sexual contact. The treatment plan included intensive outpatient family
therapy with a female family therapist.
Overt problems began
to escalate again after John became disturbed one evening when Mr. and Mrs.
Smith went out to dinner alone and left the three adolescents at home. In an age-inappropriate
game of "cops and robbers," John reached out "accidentally"
and grabbed Carol's breasts. Upon the parents' return, Carol and Wayne described
the situation to them in detail. Although no physical abuse occurred, a great
deal of emotional abuse was inflicted upon John. He voiced fear that family members
would be separated because of his actions. He felt intense guilt and expressed
suicidal ideations in an individual session with the family therapist. Subsequently,
he was admitted to the adolescent inpatient unit of the hospital where Carol had
been treated. During his admission, John was treated individually by a male therapist
who began co-therapy with the female family therapist.
When
John was nearing discharge, Carol ran away from home. After she was caught by
the police, she was rehospitalized due to suicidal ideations and the inability
of her parents to maintain control over her. There was a three-day overlap on
the adolescent unit of the brother and sister. However, none of their peers became
aware of the pair's previous sexual activity. After John left the hospital to
return to his extracurricular activities and his on-grade-level academic work,
Carol remained in the hospital, catering to male peers, isolating herself from
female interactions, and threatening to run away from the hospital. She engaged
in overt sexual tantalizing of male peers, which served to isolate her further
from female peers. The consistent sexually inappropriate behavior was noted by
staff, teachers, and other treatment providers, and the staff often expressed
feeling a need to defend the adolescent males from Carol's advances.
Carol
made the transition to sex offender after several months into this second hospitalization.
While on a week-long furlough to visit Mrs. Smith's extended family in another
area of the state, Carol sexually molested her seven-year-old male cousin, Mike.
Carol and Mike were in a deserted farmhouse to which Carol had returned after
a walk during which she had been sexually propositioned by a male she had come
upon. Describing herself as "feeling horny but being afraid to go to the
arranged meeting place" with the unknown male, Carol located Mike in the
farmhouse. She proceeded to remove her clothes and his and attempted to insert
his penis into her vagina. John viewed this activity through a window, entered
the farmhouse and told Mike," Here, let me show you how this is done."
At that time, John and Carol engaged in sexual intercourse.
This
incident came to light two months later when Mike's mother and grandmother
discovered pornographic pictures and sexually explicit words written on paper
on Mike's desk. Mrs. Smith was notified by Mike's mother. When confronted, Carol
denied any involvement with Mike and became argumentative and hostile. It took
approximately two weeks of three-times-weekly individual sessions, plus the knowledge
that John was breaking down in his denial of the incident, along with an interview
with Children's Protective Services, before Carol acknowledged the offending act.
No charges were filed at the request of Mike's mother, partly motivated by the
wish to prevent other members of the family, such as Mike's grandfather, from
finding out. Carol expressed remorse over Mike's feelings only after intensive
interventions which had acknowledged her own feelings at eight years of age when
she had been brutally raped. She denied any sexual pleasure derived from the act
with Mike and reported only wanting to "show him what it was all about."
Residential
placement was secured for Carol, and while there she increased her promiscuity
by acquiring a new boyfriend almost weekly with her sexual offerings. She did
make female friends but did not perceive them to be as important as the males.
She also began engaging in self-mutilating behavior by gouging deep grooves in
her skin with her fingernails. On two of her three runaways from the facility,
she traveled hundreds of miles to large cities by hitchhiking and prostituting
herself for rides. The staff at the residential facility deemed her treatment
a failure and discharged her home after eight months.
At that
time, Carol reported that she and Wayne had begun engaging in sexual intercourse
during her visits home during the past year. Even while offending with Mike, Carol
had remained in a defending mode with Wayne because as she described it: "When
he started coming on to me, I just could not tell him no. I did not like it, but
I did not want to make him angry at me." Of interest was that while Carol
expressed fear of Wayne's anger, she was at least three inches taller and outweighed
him by 20 pounds or more. She perceived herself as more vulnerable than her size
may have suggested. At home, she is engaged in individual as well as family therapy
once per week. The self-mutilating and running-away behaviors have not resurfaced.
However, prognosis for this young woman is guarded, at best.
- Higgs MA, Deborah
C, Margaret M. Canavan PhD, and Walter J. Meyer III MD; Moving from Defense to
Offense: The Development of an Adolescent Female Sex Offender; Journal of Sex
Research, Feb92, Vol. 29 Issue 1
Personal
Reflection Exercise #5
The preceding section contained information
about the case study of an adolescent female sex offender. Write three case study
examples regarding how you might use the content of this section in your practice.
QUESTION
19
When did Carol make the transition to sex offender? Record the letter
of the correct answer the Answer
Booklet.
Answer
Booklet for
this course
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